The Function of Themes in Catch-22 Essay -- Essays Papers

The Function of Themes in Catch-22 Joseph Heller delivered numerous works of writing all through his lifetime; nonetheless, his most acclaimed novel, Catch-22, has become a faction class among perusers all through the world. Predicament is certainly not a flat novel that conjures scarcely any feelings from its perusers. It is a moving novel stacked loaded with numerous topics. These subjects obviously evoke dread and question of the framework that tries to demolish one's own life. Joseph Heller was conceived on May 1, 1923, in the Coney Island segment of Brooklyn, New York, to Russian-Jewish settlers. His dad Isaac (Pinsker 228), a bread kitchen truck driver, kicked the bucket when Heller was just four years old (Kaupunginkirjasta on the web). During World War II, Heller filled in as a bombardier for the United States Air Force and flew sixty shelling missions while positioned in Italy. This gave him the foundation for Catch-22 (Classic on the web). In particular, while on a battle strategic, saw one of his individual pilots pass on of wounds; this at last prompted Heller's realistic depiction of Snowden, a youthful aviator in Catch-22, who kicks the bucket a terrible demise during a besieging run (Pinsker 383). In the wake of being released from the Air Force, Heller tried out the University of Southern California and later moved to New York University where he studied English. After completing his investigations in New York, Heller went to Columbia University until 1949, when he got his Master of the Arts Degree in English (Pinsker 383). Subsequent to getting his degree, Heller proceeded to turn into an educator at Pennsylvania State University where he showed English for a long time (Classic on the web). In 1961, after a progression of employments working for such magazines as Time and Look, Heller distributed Catch-22, which he had been taking a shot at since 1953(Classic on the web). After Catch-22 was distributed in 1961 (Kaupunginkirjasta on the web), Heller proceeded with his composing profession with Something Happened in 1974, Good as Gold in 1974, God Knows in 1984, Picture This in 1988, and Closing Time in 1994 (Pinsker 379). In spite of the fact that not also got as Catch-22, Cl osing Time fills in as a spin-off of Catch-22 in which the legends are depicted forty years after the first novel (Kaupunginkirjasta on the web). Tragically on December 3, 1999, Joseph Heller passed on of a cardiovascular failure at his home in Long Island, New York (Kaupunginkirjasta on the web). Heller's vocation and character was best portray... ...ecision: The Contemporary American Novel and Its Intellectual Background. Riley 228-229. Burhans, Clinton S. Spindrift and the Sea: Structural Patterns and Unifying Elements in Catch-22. Riley 230. Calhoun High School English Department. Difficult situation. Bellmore Merrick Central High School District. . 26 Oct. 2001. Exemplary Notes: Joseph Heller. Classic Notes. 2001. Evaluation Saver. . 12 Oct. 2001. Karl, Fredrick R. Joseph Heller's Catch-22: Only Fools Walk in Darkness. Contemporary American Novelists. Ed. Harry T More. Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 1964. 134-142. Kaupunginkirjasta, Kuusankosken. Joseph Heller (1923-199). Pegasos-Literature Related Sources. 2000. . 12 Oct. 2001. Olderman, Raymond M. The Grail Knight Departs. Riley 229-230. Pinsker, Sanford. Joseph Heller. American Writers. Ed. Litz, A Walton. Supplement 4, section 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1996. 379-396. Prescott, Orville. Books of The Times. The New York Times on the Web. 1998. . 14 Oct. 2001. Riley, Carolyn. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Detroit: Gale Research Co. 1973. Subjects PinkMonkey.com-Catch-22 by Joseph Heller. Pink Monkey.com. . 14 Oct. 01

Why People Commit Crime Essays

Why People Commit Crime Essays Why People Commit Crime Paper Why People Commit Crime Paper Question 3: People carried out wrongdoing due to numerous reasons. From your own perspective, give three (3) reasons why individuals perpetrate violations? A wrongdoing is an unlawful activity or action for which an individual can be rebuffed by law. A few people characterize wrongdoing as a demonstration of offense towards the profound quality of people. Others may view wrongdoing as a demonstration that hurts the widespread human rights. Along these lines, for what reason do individuals despite everything carry out violations? There are numerous reasons why individuals perpetrate wrongdoings. A few violations were submitted due to hunger, need cash, contempt and outrage. In the interim, the case of wrongdoing is looted, abduct, theft, take and other. The most genuine wrongdoing is murdering someone else in spite of the fact that their dearest one or their family. Wrongdoing isn't thought about the adoration and compassion towards the person in question. The primary explanation is individuals carry out violations as a result of their craving. They take the food from slow down and furthermore from market to satisfy their stomach. This is on the grounds that they don’t have enough cash to get it. And furthermore the cost of food is costly. For instance, the cost for one bit of chicken is RM2. 50. The cost had trouble for specific individuals. In this way, they carry out to do violations as their stomach full and not hunger once more. Normally, a poor guardians take the nourishment for their kids to make them quiet crying from hunger. Proceed onward to the following point, the other motivation behind why individuals carry out wrongdoings in light of the cash. All individuals need cash for endure their life. These days, individuals simply just observe who just had cash and they will disregard about the individuals that under favored. Something else, individuals need cash since they need to pay the obligation. Likewise they need in quick time and don’t realize where to get it. Along these lines, they will burglarize at the bank and the lavish house. Now and then, it very well may be a genuine wrongdoing when they murder the proprietor of a house or the representative at the bank. They couldn't care less about the casualty as they get the cash. Additionally, the medications someone who is addicted that slaughter their blood family for purchase sedate. To wrap things up, individuals carry out wrongdoings due to their indignation and contempt. It likewise can be called as their childish explanation. This happen when the one individual accomplishing something crazy to other individual. For instance, the present issues at school like harassing. In this way, the harassing casualty will retribution to the individual that had tormenting him/her. This may make genuine wrongdoing like murdering somebody or beat their organ until deadened for the remainder of life. As an end, individuals carry out wrongdoing in light of their self. They have to control their feeling and recognize what they do is an incorrect way and not useful for their people to come. What's more, it gives awful impact and the violations can't be restricted once more. In this way, the legislature must assume their best job to give the discipline to the criminal like a capital punishment for the medications someone who is addicted and genuine violations. The motivation behind why individuals carry out wrongdoing on account of their yearning, need cash, outrage and contempt can be explain if every one of individuals give the best responsibility and not to narrow minded. (505 words)

Book Riots Deals of the Day for August 29th, 2019

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RAMOS Surname Meaning and Origin

The exact derivation of the Ramos surname is in dispute, depending upon the familys origin (Portuguese, Cuban, Mexican, Brazilian, etc.) The most commonly accepted meanings are: Branches or offshoots, or an olive branch, from the plural of ramo, Latin ramus, meaning branch. It often referred to someone who lived in a thickly wooded area.Palms or palm branches, from Domingo dos Ramos, a Catholic feast day known as Sunday of the Palms or Palm Sunday.A habitational name for someone from one of many towns called Ramos, in Spain and Portugal. Ramos is the 20th most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish, PortugueseAlternate Surname Spellings:  RAMOSE, RAMOSE, RAMIS, RAMO, RAMON Where Do People With the Ramos Surname Live? WorldNames PublicProfile places the majority of individuals with the Ramos surname in Spain, especially in the region of Islas Canarias, followed by Extremadura, Castilla Y Leon, and Andalucia. This data does not include all of the Spanish-speaking countries, however. Forebears, which does include additional data from other countries, has it ranked 14th in Peru, 23rd in Cuba, 25th in Spain, 30th in Mexico and 35th in Brazil. Famous People With the Surname RAMOS Rodolfo Ramos: Professional skateboarder X-games competitorFidel Ramos: 12th President of the PhilippinesSarah Ramos: American actress Genealogy Resources for the Surname RAMOS Ramos RootsPath - RAMOS Surname DNA Project: Join other Ramos males in sorting out the various Ramos ancestral lines through Y Chromosome DNA testing.Ramos Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Ramos surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Ramos query.FamilySearch - RAMOS Genealogy: Access over 3.3 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Ramos surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Resources and Further Reading Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Bergenfield, NJ: Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia.  Bergenfield, NJ:  Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.Hoffman, William F. Polish Surnames: Origins and Meanings.  Chicago:  Polish Genealogical Society, 1993.Rymut, Kazimierz. Nazwiska Polakow.  Wroclaw: Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich - Wydawnictwo, 1991.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Facts About Organ Donation and Organ Transplantation Essay

In life, there is one thing that is inevitable and unavoidable. The subject is often avoided because of fear. Death is universal. Every day eighteen people will die in the United States of America waiting for an organ transplant. Organ Transplantation involves the giving of a healthy body part from either a living or dead individual to another person. (Fundukian, Organ, p674-678) Medical illnesses do not discriminate. It doesn’t matter about wealth, race, religion, or even age. The types of illnesses causing and leading to organ failure are heart disease, cirrhosis, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, hepatitis, kidney disease, and hypertension. Currently medical professionals are able to transplant kidneys, livers, lungs, hearts,†¦show more content†¦The transplant team complied of coordinators, transplant physicians, transplant surgeons, financial coordinators, and social workers. Coordinators aid patients with evaluation, treatment and follow up care. Physicians usually manage the patient’s care, test, and medications. Some physician coordinate up until the transplant and even some times post-transplant. Surgeons are the ones who actually perform the surgery and follow up care for some time after the surgery. Financial coordinators of course aid patients in the understanding of financial matters. Finally, social workers help patients understand and cope with issues pertaining. Besides the above groups, United Network Organ Sharing and Organ Procurement Transplantation Network are essential in organ transplantation. These organizations make it possible. UNOS â€Å"created efficient distribution system of deceased organs that allow for fair and timely allocation, formulated a patient waiting list, and set up a system to publicize the need for organ donations.† With UNOS, the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN), work with local Organ Procurement Organizations (OPO). OPO representatives meet with families of recently deceased individuals to discuss the possibility of organ donations. They assist in the evaluation of organs, their likelihood of medical use, and if organs are usable, recovery, preservation and transport. Here in Philadelphia, we have the Gift ofShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech Organ Donation and Transplant Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pageshours someone dies waiting for an organ transplant. 18 people will die each da y waiting for an organ. One organ donor can save up to 8 lives. . THE NEED IS REAL In Jan 2006 I began to lose my eyesight. A year later I became a candidate for cornea tissue transplant. I am a cornea tissue transplant recipient. As a result I felt is necessary to inform you about the history and facts on organ donation and transplantation. C. Audience Adaptation – Organ transplantation represents a unique partnershipRead MoreThe Commercialization Of Organ Transplantation1660 Words   |  7 Pagesto save the world, [he] would spend fifty-five minutes defining the problem, and only five minutes finding the solution† (Einstein). In the case of the commercialization of organ transplantation, would the ramifications laid by Einstein change if a doctor had only one hour to save the life of a patient in dire need of an organ transplant? An individual that had spent the last three years on a waiting-list? Waiting, years, months, and days without end for a second chance at life. Similar to EinsteinRead MoreEssay about Organ Donation -Saving Lives1034 Words   |  5 PagesUnited Network for Organ Sharing (2010) organ donations and transplantation are the removal of organs and tissues from one person and placed into another person’s body. The need for organ transplantation usually occurs when the recipient organ has failed (UNOS, 2010). Organ donation can save the lives of many individuals who are on the waiting list for an organ donation. Becoming an organ donor can be a difficult decision. Many people have the false beliefs about being an organ donor. An example wouldRead MoreThe Ultimate Gift: The Gift of life-Organ Donation1075 Words   |  5 Pagestakes you being an organ donor. Organ donation has negative connotation tied to its back. even though many people in todays society believe that no wrong can happen in their life but in reality we are not invincible and accidents do happen and your time will come to end sometime. The act of organ donation is a compassionate and the humane choice for a person to make. Transplantation is a modern medical marven. Despite continuing advances in medicine and technology, the need for organs and tissue is vastlyRead MoreImportance Of Organ Donation1094 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever thought about how many people die every day? Have you e ver thought about how they die and why? Most of the people would answer that they do not think about it, not because they are selfish just because this is a normal process someone dies other are born in the same day. True. Every day in USA dies around 7000 persons according to the United Nations Statistics Division. What if I will say that almost a  ¼ of them die because of the lack of donor organs? Still don’t care? What if amongRead MoreThe Key to Solving The American Organ Allocation Essay1665 Words   |  7 Pageslungs came available in time. Organ allocation in the United States of America has become a heavily debated subject in the medical field as well as the political and ethical fields. There is no doubt that there is a shortage of organs in the United States. In order to increase organ supply the American Department of Health should integrate the effective allocation policies of some European countries such as Spain and Austria. These policies include: who recei ves organs, an opt-out program, and de-regionalizedRead MoreBioprinting Human Organs: The Past, Present, And Future.1488 Words   |  6 Pages Bioprinting Human Organs: The Past, Present, and Future Written by: Emmitt Mikkelson, Alexander Turnbull and John Wesley Table of Contents: I. Introduction II. History of Organ Transplants III. Development of Bioprinting IV. Current Bioprinting Processes V. Bioprinting Human Organs for Transplantation VI. Insurance Coverage for Organ Transplants VII. Ethical Considerations and Alternative Ideas VIII. The Future of Bioprinting IX. Conclusion Read MoreEthics and Organ Donation1598 Words   |  7 PagesEthics Analysis Paper Ethical Issues Related to Organ Donations In 1983 Dr H Barry Jacobs, a physician from Virginia, whose medical license had been revoked after a conviction for Medicare mail-fraud, founded International Kidney Exchange, Ltd. He sent a brochure to 7,500 American hospitals offering to broker contracts between patients with end-stage-renal-disease and persons willing to sell one kidney. His enterprise never got off the ground, but Dr Jacobs did spark an ethicalRead MoreOrgan Donation Interpersonal relationship980 Words   |  4 Pagespeople find organ donation a difficult subject to discuss, a bit like talking about death or making a will. However, it is a vital issue that affects thousands of people. Transplantation has gradually become the accepted treatment for a number of conditions where organs like the kidneys, heart and liver have irreversibly failed O rgan Shortage ï‚ ¨ Each day, about 60 people around the world receive an organ transplant, while another 13 die due to non-availability of organs. ï‚ ¨ Organ shortage — theRead MoreOrgan Transplants : An Organization1486 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 7-8 1B January 20, 2015 Organ Transplants Despite the fact that more than a million have signed up to become donors the number of donors is still nowhere near the number of people on waiting for transplants therefore, resulting in an average of eighteen deaths every day due to the shortage. (Pros) Keep in mind the amount of lives saved or restored when a single organ donor can save up to eight lives. In addition to saving lives and restoring broken lives, a donation can reduce medical expenses

The Advantages of Korean Essay Samples

The Advantages of Korean Essay Samples Though the intensity of this strong tie to somebody's family is not quite as strong as it was in years past it's still clearly visible. As a British person that has experienced other European nations and now lives in the USA, I can definitely testify that living away from your house country can be hard on occasion. 03-The modern wedding clothing Now increasingly more young men and women would love to select the modern wedding that is as similar as the western wedding. From birth to death, Korean folks are usually thought as a member of a family in the place of a person. Korean Essay Samples Features Several sorts of paragraphs exist that you are able to pick from to best suit your topic. This article will give you with a summary of each contest including the previous date to file your work and the kind of prizes to be won. Following are several types of essay topics for students that are categorized in many sections so you can easily c hose the topic depending on your need and requirement. A lot of the topics within this article involve using information technology. Understanding Korean Essay Samples To put money into research is to put money into a better future. Hopefully, my experiences will provide you with a flavor of the benefits and pitfalls of various sites. Research is vital to societal improvement. Economic recovery is only going to become possible in America if they can find with three or more respectable products to sell to the world which people will want. To calculate the entire financial impacts, but the exportation of cultural industry isn't fully happy. Indeed, an individual could argue that there's no such concept for a service economy vs a manufacturing economy. Consequently, more jobs are made in domestic sector. Weighing the costs and benefits are able to help you decide whether learning a foreign language is the appropriate alternative for you. My final ambition essay emphasise that's an innate quality while some advocate that it's a matter of practice only. Use what you read to assist you create some search terms, and to aid you choose your own position. Be sure to spell out the main reason for your interpretation or comparison. Instead, concentrate on giving positive encouragement. How to Get Started with Korean Essay Samples? If you answered yes, as you may once more be in good business, you would be wrong. With this type of information, statistics demonstrate that user-generated content (pictures and videos) are more inclined to get consumers to obtain a product from a social networking channel. Customer service in banking is just one of the most significant ways to continue to keep customers coming back. Many customers make a determination on whether to do their banking with a specific institution dependent on the personalities and expertise of bank tellers. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Korean Essay Samples In truth, it has dictated her whole adult life to date. Technology or social networking topics are something that everybody would like to investigate because so lots of us are concerned about our own use of phone and societal media. Though the study attempts to find out the reason behind numerous Filipino KPop fans' admiration and robust passion for Korean pop, it doesn't generalize all the views of the entire population. Many studies are done to ascertain the consequences of television on intelligence, although the majority of the studies concentrate on younger kids and r esults are sometimes not conclusive. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Korean Essay Samples The decreasing amount of tourists as a result of Korean Wave doesn't follow that the Korean Wave has less impact on other cultures. Through a succinct research, it's been observed that the Korean wave is a favorite among many Filipino teenagers since it supplies a fresh cultural element, encourages self-expression and functions as a psychological and social urgency. The Korean wave is well-known among many Filipino teenagers because it provides a fresh cultural component, encourages self-expression and acts as a psychological urgency. The very first wave of immigrants from Korea happened at the start of the 19th century. Additionally, there are simply no limits for downloads! Anything you have to finish your paper quickly and qualitative. Nobody is permitted to wear anything red whenever someone dies. Anyway, there were not any battle lines like in the Korean War (Donaldson 125). Che ryl Coleis currently among the most well known celebrities in the United Kingdom. May God bless this gorgeous nation. In contrast to the usa, there are certainly plenty of similarities. While primitive kinds of printing was invented a very long time before in ancient China and superior excellent paper was available for a while in Europe (modern America still hadn't been invented!) Therefore, it's quite natural that the variety of folks visiting Korea as a result of Korean Wave gets smaller and smaller, regarding the large effects of Winter Sonata'' in 2003. The dearth of information regarding the true amount of the growth of technologies and permanent threats from the portion of the leader of North Korea frighten the world and improve the isolation of North Korea from the world community.

The Industrial And Commercial Bank Of China Commerce Essay Example For Students

The Industrial And Commercial Bank Of China Commerce Essay The chief facet which has been taken into history in this study addresses the apprehension of assorted planetary concern schemes and administration signifier and construction of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China ( ICBC ) locally and globally to gain its competetive advantage. The relevant theories were taken into consideration and the in-depth analysis of planetary concern scheme which were used by ICBC was undertaken. This study contains background informatin of the bank. The Chineses banking enviornment was taken into consideration every bit good as the internal enviornment of the company was analysed with the aid of SWOT, PESTEL and Porter 5 forces frameworks. To exemplify the public presentation of the ICBC a resource audit, which includes assets, resources and nucleus competences was presented. This study is focuses on the designation of company s local and planetary corporate scheme. This study concludes with the strategic execution of its policies, challenges which are being faced by ICBC and reccomendation to cover with those challenges. Introduction: ICBC offers its clients assorted fiscal services. ICBC operates all across the Earth. Harmonizing to Forbes ( 2011 ) ICBC is the 7th largest publich company. Official Name Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Estalished on January 1, 1984 as a limited company Headquaters in Beijing China Website http// : www.icbc-ltd.com Chairman Jiang Jianqing Fiscal Year ends in Decemebr Employees 387,000 Gross saless $ 69.2 Billion ( Forbes, 2011 ) Net income $ 18.8 Billion ( Forbes, 2011 ) Assetss $ 1,723.5 Billion ( Forbes, 2011 ) Market Value $ 239.5 Billion ( Forbes, 2011 ) History of ICBC: ICBC started with registered capital of 20.8 billion Yuans and the capital and assets added up-to 333.3 billion Yuan. In the late 1880ss ICBC became the formal member of International Saving Banks Institute. In October 1989 ICBC introduced the Peony Quasi Credit Card for the first clip. The ICBC web in 91 metropoliss got connected with a countrywide computing machine web system in October 1990. In the early 1890ss the bank was harmonizing to the Euromoney Journal was ranked figure 8 in footings of capital portion. ICBC went planetary in March 1992 and its first abroad subordinate was set up in Singapore. In November 1995 ICBC expanded out of Asia and their first office in Europe was in London. ICBC went online in December 1997 and their official web site was launched. ICBC jointly with Hong Kong Bank of East Asia acquired ICBC-BEA Finance Shareholding Co. Ltd with a 75 % of shareholding in February 1998. In September 1999 ICBC launched 95588 its telephone banking services countrywi de and in February and August 2000 severally, ICBC began its Corporate Internet Banking and Personal Internet Banking services. In May of 2002 Peony Card Centre was established and it became the first professional bankcard concern organisation in China Peony Card became a sought after trade name. Furthermore, in 2003 ICBC signed Agreement with Microsoft ( China ) in Beijing for the co-operation of Personal Internet Banking s security. The same twelvemonth on December 18, ICBC launched its new personal Internet banking merchandise Banking @ place . In February 2004 PricewaterhouseCoopers designed ICBC s 8 twelvemonth program for corporate administration system and over-all hazard direction reform system and ICBC put it in pattern in April 2005 under the State Council s Approval. Furthermore on October 27, 2009, with 236 billion restricted portions released to the market ICBC becomes the No.1 A-share quoted company and the largest bank in the universe by market capitalisation. In the last one-fourth of 2009 the ICBC has expanded itself as it had received the concern license to run in ICBC Malaysia Company Limited from Bank Negara Malaysia and ICBC Hanoi Branch, the first licence issued to a foreign bank this twelvemonth. December 16, 2009, The Central Bank of United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) officially approved and issued a sweeping banking licence to ICBC to put up a subdivision in Abu Dhabi, a new ICBC subdivision in the Middle East for ICBC to distribute its wings in the part. Organizational construction of ICBC: Organizational construction can be considered as a pyramid molded system that places the dealingss between the entities within an administration vertically. Authority, power and duty are focused at the top and the determinations are made here and are implemented by the remainder of the administration. ( Daft, Murphy, A ; Willmott, 2010 ) The construction of ICBC is a intercrossed construction, a combination of features of assorted attacks tailored to specific strategic demands ( Daft,2007 ) . Functional and divisional constructions combined create the organizational strucutre of ICBC. The administration construction of ICBC consists of series of supportive sections expert in functional responsibilities, incorporating Comprehensive Administration Departments, supervisory A ; Supporting Departments and Affiliated Institutions. In the maps economic system of graduated table is encourged due to functional construction. A direction theoretical account of centralised legal individual mandate and commanding one degree down and oversing two degrees lower is implemented by ICBC. The banking system of ICBC is centeralised in one location. ( ICBC, 2009 ) The strategic concern unit refers to the divisional construction. ICBC contains a figure of Business Development Departments: Corporate Banking, personal banking, investing banking and e-banking, etc. which can fullfil single demands and satisfactions of clients. A intercrossed construction proposes greater flexibleness for administration ( Daft, 2007 ) that aligns with the current corporate purposes and scheme with divisional ends, functional expertness and productiveness. Beginning: ICBC Annual Report 2005 The latest chart of administration is attached in the appendix. The distribution of power: The distribution of power has been more decentralized and flexible after ICBC turned into a public corporation as comparison to early times when it was non listed. Now every hierarchal degree has a nice opportunity to take their determination on their ain. Hence, the working attitudes of its employees might increase. Now they will be more motivated as they are portion of determination devising procedure and will portion the success every bit good as the losingss of the company. The biggest drawback of this managemnt manner will be communicating web. With decentralising, it will be hard to pass on with other hierachical degrees because of their involvement struggles. ( ICBC, 2009 ) Enviornmental Scanning: To analyze the strategic place of any company there are several models, techniques, and methods such as SWOT analysis, PESTEL and Porter s 5 forces available. SWOT-Analysis: SWOT is an abbreviation for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats . SWOT analysis is used to place the internal and external factors which can be used to accomplish a certain end or better the public presentation of any concern. Strengths and Weaknesses are the internal factors of an administration and Opportunities and Menaces are the external factors to that administration. The internal factors relate to any company and the external factors relate to the external environment of the administration. ( What is SWOT Analysis, 2011 ) Strengths: With a market value of $ 239,5 billion, ICBC is universe s prima bank in the universe by market capitalisation and it is besides one of the Large Four in the domestic Chinese banking industry and has a taking selling portion in China. Due to a strong distribution of web which consist of 18,000 domestic establishments, 203 abroad establishments and over 1,440 analogous Bankss worldwide, every bit good as 7,085 self-service banking Centres and 28,656 machine-controlled Teller machines ICBC has been supplying its fiscal services to ( 3.10 million corporate banking, 190 million personal banking ) clients. ICBC besides developed farther the hard currency direction as it got the Best RMB Cash Management Services ( China ) Award by the magazines The Asset and FinanceAsia . in 2008 with the mark of 96.23 ICBC topped the list of 50 Most Honoured Listed Companies of China every bit good as was awarded the best custodian bank by The Asset, Global Custodian, Global Finance and Securities Times. Beginning: ain presentation With 240 million issued bank cards in 2008 ICBC was the largest recognition card publishing bank in China, an addition of 28.20 million over the terminal of 2007. Therefore, Visa and MasterCard had awarded ICBC with Award for Leading Technology of Credit Card and Best Product Innovation of the Year severally. ICBC is into investing banking, wealth direction, insurance and plus direction which lead it to the cosmopolitan banking theoretical account alongside the traditional banking which helped them to diversify their gross flow. In FY2008 and FY2009, the bank generated around 52 % of entire grosss from corporate banking, personal banking generates 32 % of grosss, exchequer and other operations contribute 16 % of the entire grosss. Divers beginnings of gross such as colony, uncluttering and hard currency direction, investing banking, corporate wealth direction, plus fiducial, warrant and committedness were the chief causes for non-interest income. Water conservation EssayResource audit: Opportunities can be created and exploit in the external environment in which a concern normally operates. Besides these chances menaces are besides present which can impair any concern. However, to cover with these menaces and work the chances, a concern requires the right resources and capablenesss. The current keeping resources of any company can be recognized by the resource audit. These resources can be either owned ( e.g. works, machinery ) or acquired from other resources such as partnerships and joint ventures. Fiscal resources: Existing Finance: Harmonizing to the first quarterly study ( 2011 ) of ICBC, the bank has continued to force frontward to their growing and obtained a sustainable net income as comparison to last twelvemonth. The entire assets have an addition of 6.92 % from the last twelvemonth and its value is now 14,389,996 ( RMB in million ) . Besides the assets the liabilities have besides increased at the same time and its value is now 13,517,771 ( RMB in million ) which are 6.97 % more than last one-fourth. The equity attributable to equity holders has an increase of dual figure ( 10.54 % ) . Net net income for this period is 53,836 ( RMB in million ) which is 29.03 % more than the first one-fourth of 2010. The consequence shows the successful execution of their scheme local and globally. Human resources: ICBC is basking the services of 387,000 employees till December 2010 at its planetary and local Centres. Physical resources: ICBC has till now around 18,000 mercantile establishments and 23,000 ATMs all over China. Intangible resources: As being the taking institute in the banking industry ICBC is basking their good trade name image. ICBC has besides obtained the partnerships with several Bankss all across the universe particularly in Africa. ICBC has besides won the repute for their Internet banking services. ICBC has one of the unafraid cyberspace banking system in China. Current Scheme: In June 2009 ICBC had introduced its three twelvemonth new Development Strategy Plan and Implementation Scheme of that program to all its offices. In the last 10 old ages of ICBC s strategic transmutation this program is the 2nd three twelvemonth program and it was based on the execution experience of the development scheme program of old ages between 2006 and 2008. This program was produced after a comprehensive analysis of the latest development of ICBC and the economic and fiscal tendencies at domestic degree and planetary degree. Implementation experience of old Plan ( 2006-2008 ) : The base of this strategic program was laid on the experience of accomplishments and failures which had been achieved by ICBC in last 20 old ages every bit good as on the way of China s fiscal reforms. The purpose was set to accomplish this strategic transmutation within following 10 old ages. The schemes such as accommodation of direction construction, development by countries, invention, service distinction, cross-border direction, comprehensive hazard control, and accent on engineering and human capital were executed successfully and ICBC got better consequences than it originally expected. Therefore, at the terminal of 2008 ICBC became the figure one ranked bank in market value every bit good as it became the most profitable bank in the universe. ICBC was chiefly successful because it enhanced the capableness of comprehensive profit-making, paid a close attending to put on the line control and decided to accomplish transmutation in self-development. ICBCc new three twelvemonth Plan ( 2009-2011 ) : The successful execution of old strategic program gave ICBC the confidence to transport out transmutation scheme further to prolong the advancement in development. The new program offers the guiding thought that Guided by scientific mentality on development, endeavoring to heighten nucleus fight, go oning to advance direction structural transmutation, developing more inventions, and accomplishing fast, stable and sustainable development of ICBC to prehend chances to beef up and to poise its market place. To use this scheme ICBC has decided to get down from the world and transport out the scientific mentality on development into every measure of passage. The New Plan proposes ten strategic undertakings which attach accent to construction accommodation, finance invention, service upgrading and etc. , and a set of precise aims and steps for assorted parts and for diverse services harmonizing to the general aim and undertaking design of the 10 strategic undertakings. For the successful executing of the schemes ICBC besides introduced an execution strategy to do thorough and specific agreements of the undertakings and duties for different sections and subdivision offices. ICBC establishes coordination mechanisms to organize the New Plan to guarantee the flexibleness and adaptability. Furthermore, at the start of each twelvemonth, required accommodations will be made to the evaluate indexs harmonizing to the existent alterations in the concern environment and the execution consequence of the new program in the preceding twelvemonth. A The bing jobs, execution advancement and the execution state of affairs would be purely monitored through regular reviews and reported to the Board of managers. To suit their corporate societal duties ICBC has developed poorness relief undertaking in Nanjiang County and Tongjiang County in Sichuan Province and Chengkou County in the metropolis of Chongqing. Over 300 ( RMB in 1000000s ) has ICBC invested already in this undertaking. This sum includes loans every bit good as the contributions which have been distributed by the bank to eight hope undertakings which includes schools and medical intervention Centres. There are several other undertakings which ICBC is straight responsible or assisting them to better the societal life of the people of China. Harmonizing to the Annual Report Announcement 2010 ICBC has earned more net income in 2010 as comparison to 2009. ICBC is acquiring those consequences because of their clear and good execution of that scheme. Besides the increased net income abroad plus size had besides increased in the last twelvemonth as shown in the undermentioned diagram. That explains really clearly that ICBC is on the right way sing their domestic and planetary scheme. The exceeding result of ICBC in 2010 particularly at a clip when it was concerned with a complex and altering runing environment was chiefly a consequence of the Bank s successful execution of its scheme at place every bit good as abroad. 12 new subdivisions had been established in 2010 and a planetary web embracing 203 abroad subordinates placed in 28 states, distributing over five continents worldwide. Every concern company faces menaces and challenges although the Numberss depict the different image. These challenges could be overcome by the company by conveying some minor alterations in their concern scheme. As many other companies ICBC besides faces some challenges which needed to be addressed. First, ICBC is turning really quickly which can do some job as it may impact their quality of service. Second the bigger challenge which is coming in the manner of ICBC is the competition with foreign Bankss. After several foreign Bankss come ining China makes difficult for the ICBC. Now ICBC has more competition and even little errors can take to immense fiscal and client losingss. Reccomendations for betterment: ICBC is confronting a few challenges during their successful stretch. These challenges has been mentioned above. These are non immense challenges and does non necessitate any drastic alterations in their scheme doemstically and globally. First challenge which was mentioned is their rapid growing. To turn fast is non a challenge unless you start compromising on the quality of your services. To maintain in cheque this job they need more cheque and balance in their organsiational structuer. As I mentioned above in the organizational construction that the chief job of their construction is communicating job. When IC BC can screen out that job so there will be no via media in the quality. Second, the callenge which can do ICBC more job is the competition in the Chinese banking sector with the foreign Bankss every bit good as with the Chinese Bankss. These foreign Bankss are come ining China with much more oncoming force. Now ICBC can non afford any botching with their client. A little error can take ICBC to immense fiscal and client loses. ICBC needs to transform their scheme in a manner that they deal with their competetors in a manner that they do non lose any clients locally every bit good as globally.

Warfare and innate human aggression

Warfare is a common characteristic of all primate societies and its main feature is violence or conflict. The objective is usually to achieve a psychological or material domination over the enemy because one group perceives that the opponent is more dominant and two groups are unable to agree to equality as way to solve their differences. There are many motivating factors that lead to war including resources, power, sociological and psychological elements. The point of focus here is the psychological elements.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Warfare and innate human aggression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Psychologists have argued that human beings are inherently violent, this is to mean that they are naturally aggressive thus the reason for them engaging in wars.Psychologists like E.F.M. Durban and John Bowlby believe that aggressiveness is caused by anger hatred, and bias against other nations, rel igions, ideologies, races and other attributes that make the human race different. Sigmund Freud a person considered as father of psychology argues that there is a reservoir of aggressive energy in humans naturally and spontaneously and that this energy must be occasionally released trough sports to prevent it from causing violence. However others believe this is just a theory and that human aggressiveness is more of a characteristic acquired through nurture not nature, making the question† Are Humans Innately Aggressive?† or is it just a fallacy and hence the need to critically examine the reality. The first step would to examine the controversy of nature or nurture as mentioned above. This has to do with the extent to which human behavior is instinctive or affected by environmental factors such as culture, role of parents and peers. The question of nurture and nature as been there since the Darwinian era with the argument taking three sides: some say that culture is to blame; others argue it is instinct and thirdly some argue it is genetic. â€Å"Aggression is an action with the intent to create harm; however, violence refers to an action with extreme harm as the main goal of the action Culture is also the entirety of the instinctual forces of humans channeled into institutions that allow for good and bad behavior, where those who follow the guidelines are good and the violators are bad (Fornari, 261). Culture can therefore not be completely separated from instincts or human desires but can only be used to help humans fit to the specific society that a person is living in and hence the two elements should be handled together.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Different cultures have diverse values that they believe in and are instilled in the people for guidance. Some cultures encourage violence and even reward those that are very violent and are considered as pride of the community. Most of these communities are found in Africa and the Asian nations. Other cultures are calm, gentle encourage peace and even punish those that engage in violence. Human beings unlike other animals are biologically created to enable; rational thinking, consideration, creativity and culture and hence it is this factor that should enable them to cooperate and to coexist. Again because of this factor, humans choose what they want and who they want to be, there is no such thing as nature it all depends on the values and norms that we hold on to. Furthermore some scientist have argued not all human beings have instincts, which are; innate predispositions such as desire to eat and reproduce, thus the argument if indeed there is one for aggression. However all humans have some degree of aggression for protection and feeding, what maters is how far is an individual wiling to be aggressive and that depends on the values that have been instilled i n the individual by culture (Fornari, 265). Genetically testosterone has been believed to be the cause of aggression, however it is just a source and there has to an external factor that influences aggressiveness.Serotin is another hormone that is believed to cause aggression, for it is responsible for antisocial behaviors in human if it is low in the body but similar to testosterone it can not be solely blamed for aggression but is used by people as a scapegoat. Most of the proponents of this idea of innate aggression have received criticisms such as: their studies are based on animal experiments ignoring the major differences that there between animals and humans, secondly many types of animal aggression are not similar to human aggressions, humans are complex and have ability to reason rationally unlike animals, and finally there is little biological evidence that supports this theory. Having looked at innate human aggression it’s evident that it not a cause of warfare and it is found it is all societies People who believe otherwise are also unlikely to support peace movements but instead support wars.( Fisk and Schellenberg)explains that† we do have a choice with respect to aggression and war. To an extent, such destructiveness is due precisely to the mistaken assumption that we are helpless to control an essentially violent nature’. The major causes of war as mentioned earlier are ;power, one of the major cause of wars in the world’s history ,leaders such as Hitler led to the deaths of many due to wars that they initiated due to their personals ambitions of achieving absolute power, resources the other major element that has been a major force that led to war over the centuries all in pursuit for more territory and wealth, sociological wars are other kinds of wars that have featured in the world and ere caused by social political and economic factors for example the world wars, religious wars also very common especially with the Muslims and Jews ,some are about leadership ,worshipping places like temples and also ideologies supported by a particular religion.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Warfare and innate human aggression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are factors that have characterized modern wars such as; Marxists theories wars are as a result of free market and the class systems that have led to competition for resources and markets, the theories argue that these wars would only end only if the two classes would disappear but it would take a revolution for that to happen. The other type of modern wars is sanctioned by the UN so as to foster peace in a nation that is experiencing crisis for example the gulf wars and Korean Wars. Most wars come to an end and people often result to, rational reasoning to solve their differences which involves negotiation, mediation, arbitration, arbitration and implementation of t he agreements. This shows that there are better ways of conflict resolution instead of wars. Conclusion Humans being a product of their societies and cultures, their actions and decisions are solely dependent on the environment in which they live and not human instincts. Human aggression is universal but wars are not, since there are so many peaceful nations where people are civilized and reason beyond their personal instincts. Some societies too have been involved in wars in past ,for example Sweden, but it has transformed from a society characterized by wars to a calm and industrialized nation and this can only be explained in terms of social and political factors and not humans instincts because people still exist there and they are not fighting. The role of the environment is so vital that the innate behavior theory seen to be out of place because other human needs like sex have been controlled through celibacy, while people survive hunger when they fast voluntarily. It could be considered as saying; it is the nature of buildings to burn because there is oxygen in our planet. Many fallacies have been created such as ‘we are born to be killers, we have an excuse to act like killers† and people have been made to believe in them by there creators who are often our rulers and law makers. If human beings are aggressive in nature and war cannot be avoided we then need very powerful leaders, governments, strong armies and security forces, and a lot of guidance from the church to save us from ourselves. To understand aggression psychologists need to find out the how human beings are able to stay in one group and peacefully coexist but yet attack other groups just because they don’t belong to the same group although they are still humans.This is evidence that wars are beyond instincts and nature but more of nurture, and that aggression is learned or acquired.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Fisk and Schellenberg. Patterns of Conflict, Paths to Peace. Peterborough,ON: Broadview Press, 2000. Print. Fornari, Franco. The Psychoanalysis of War. NewYork: Doubleday: Anchor Press, 1974. Print. This research paper on Warfare and innate human aggression was written and submitted by user Gloria F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Threat Assessment of Ping Sweeps and Port Scans Essay Example

Threat Assessment of Ping Sweeps and Port Scans Essay Example Threat Assessment of Ping Sweeps and Port Scans Essay Threat Assessment of Ping Sweeps and Port Scans Essay Threat Assessment of Ping Sweeps and Port Scans Ping sweeps and port scans are two techniques that a malicious computer user such as a hacker can utilize to compromise an Enterprise networks security and gain access to their proprietary data. For example, private email messages can be forwarded to a rogue destination email address: Done by installing a virus program into a user’s email client through a discovered active computers open TCP/IP IMAP port (port number 143) that is not being currently used by that user (Clarke, 2008). The virus then could take advantage of security vulnerabilities in that users email client program and forward emails from that users inbox over to another destination email address without them knowing about it. Therefore, in light of such exploits as just described it is vitally important to address and mitigate the security problem to an Enterprise network from ping sweeps and port scans that can be incurred from outside sources by the use of strong Firewall protections. To better comprehend the danger that ping sweeps and port scans can represent here is a more detailed explanation of each of these techniques. Ping sweeps First, a ping is a computer network utility tool using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) to send multiple data packets to a target host device such as server, workstation, or printer to establish whether that host device on a network is actively present (turned on, or active) and able to communicate. If the target host device in question sends back a reply then that device is determined to indeed be active on the network. So therefore, a ping sweep is number of pings that are executed to determine which out of a range of IP addresses map over to live host devices (Rouse, 2005). To perform this task there are several available software tools to choose from, such as fping, gping, and Nmap for UNIX systems. Also, there is Rhino9’s Pinger software and SolarWinds Ping Sweep for Windows systems. After using such a tool a malicious user can know which host devices on a network are actively available and then proceed to performing a technique called a port scan to try to gain access to those devices. Port Scanning Port scanning is technique used to identify any open or closed Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or User Datagram Protocol (UDP) network communication ports or services on a network host device. For example, port number 110 is assigned to Post Office Protocol three (POP3) for email client application communications on a network. There can be up to 65,000 ports any one computer or host device and any unused open ports as determined by a port scan may allow a malicious user unauthorized access to it. This is akin to an open window in a house whereas a burglar can gain access to it (Facts about port, ). Also, accessive port scanning can lead to a denial of service (DoS) attack and not allow authorized users to access their data. Finally, there are again several utility tools available to perform port scanning such as Nmap as mentioned previously or SolarWinds Port scanner. Firewall To mitigate the security threat posed by ping sweeps and port scans it is highly recommended that firewall protection on all network hosts devices should be enabled to close any unused ports to protect them from unauthorized access. Also, is recommended that the use of a firewall server to protect the network from any outside intruders be used as well. In conclusion, ping sweeping and port scanning can threaten the security of a Business Enterprises network and steps to handle security should be implemented to mitigate as much as possible any possibility that any data is kept confidential, that its integrity remains intact, and is always available.

Believing in illusion and accepting it as reality Essay

Believing in illusion and accepting it as reality - Essay Example Moreover, the media can easily give a bad name to anyone or exonerate the guilty, regardless of the truth. Thus, people are fooled and made to believe that whatever the media says is gospel truth. The media is also responsible for inventing false beliefs and prejudices, just like the shadows in the cave in Plato’s allegory. The media preaches racial discrimination, the normality of homosexuality, hatred and other forms of things that put the human being in shackles. In fact, the sign of bondage is evident in the line, â€Å"†¦and if any one tried to loose another and lead him up to the light, let them only catch the offender, and they would put him to death† (Plato). Thus, it would be hard to disbelieve because if you have a different opinion from the rest, you will naturally be ostracized or even literally put to death. What then do we make of these people who keep on believing the illusions produced by the media? Pitiful. Indeed, as Plato asked Glaucon, â€Å"†¦do you not suppose that he [the discoverer of the sun and the visible world] would felicitate himself on the change, and pity them?† (Plato). Truly, those who have not seen the truth remain not only in their bondage but also in their

Medical Ethics in the clinical laboratory science Essay

Medical Ethics in the clinical laboratory science - Essay Example The ethical problem will be lying about the capabilities and abilities of john in fulfilling his the new jobs roles. This will dirty the reputation of the manager’s name for a bad recommendation, and it will put john into deep waters for failure to take full charge. The primary stakeholders in the scenario are the laboratory manager and john. The secondary stakeholder is the clinical laboratory that is offering the new job while the tertiary stakeholders are the society and the clinical laboratory science profession (Zhong, 22). Being the manager, the practical alternative is writing a recommendation based on the actual abilities of john. The professional code of ethics addresses the situation and states that the integrity of the profession should be placed above individual and personal interests. As the manager, it is best to mention in the letter, that john is not fit in the position based on his skills level. This enables the manager to work with integrity, respect and competence in accordance with the code of ethics. It is best not to tell john the he was not recommended for the job in order to maintain a peaceful, working environment (Jones, 370). I am a worker working in the night with other technicians in a 300 bed community hospital. One of the co-workers working in the evening shifts is faking the quality control figures. However, after making the realization, I talk to the supervisor about the situation and he tells me to do my work and only mind my business. No one in the department seems to take the quality control matter seriously, yet the errors are avoidable in order to achieve better patient’s results in quality control as well as enhance quality care delivery to the patients. The ethical problem in the scenario is falsification and negligence of the test results yet the supervisors does nothing about it even after being told of the situation in hand. The

Hepatoprotective Effect of Unani Formulation in Rats

Hepatoprotective Effect of Unani Formulation in Rats A study of hepatoprotective effect of unani formulation (Qurs Rewand) in rats. ABSTRACT Aim of study: To evaluate hepatoprotective effect of Unani formulation (Qurs Rewand). Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on adult Wistar albino rats of either sex weighing 150-200 g. Animals were divided into five groups of 6 animals each – I (Plain control), II (Negative control–CCl4 treated group), III (Sylimarin treated group), IV and V (UPF treated groups). Hepatotoxicity was induced by single administration of CCl4 (2ml/ kg I.P., 1:1 in liquid paraffin) in group II, III, IV V on 7th day of treatment. The UPF was administered in a dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, once daily, orally for 7 days in group IV and V respectively. Silymarin was administered orally in the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, once daily for 7 days in III group and served as standard control. On the 8th day all the animals were sacrificed and the blood was collected. Serum was separated for biochemical estimations. The serum was estimated for ALT, AST, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, total protein and TBARS. Histological study of liver was done. Results: The mean serum ALT, AST, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and TBARS were decreased significantly as compared to CCl4 treated group.While total protein was increased significantly as compound with CCl4 treated group. The histological study showed signs of recovery and regeneration in damaged liver cells as compared to CCl4 treated group. Conclusion: The study demonstrated significant hepatoprotective activity of Qurs Rewand (Unani Polyherbal formulation). Key words: Unani Polyherbal formulation, carbon tetrachloride, hepatoprotective activity and Silymarin Introduction Qurs-e-Rewand is a Unani polyherbal preparation (Table-1)[1] frequently prescribed by the physicians of Unani medicine in the management of liver diseases such as infective and other hepatitis.[2,3,4] Rubia cordifolia Linn (Rubiaceae) and Agrimonia eupatoria Linn. (Rosaceae) have been scientifically evaluated for their hepatoprotective effect[5], but the compound as a whole has not been studied for its described properties. Therefore present study has been undertaken to investigate its hepatoprotective effect against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. The damage produced by CCl4 is described to be similar to the pathological changes seen in infective hepatitis and in many other liver diseases.[6] The liver function test was used to assess the extent of liver damage and the protection induced by the test drug. Since CCl ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­4 is reported to damage the hepatocytes mainly by inducing lipid peroxidation, therefore thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) test wa s employed to study the antioxidant property of the test drug with a view to underline its mechanism of action.[7] Silymarin (100 mg / kg) was used as the standard hepatoprotective agent to confirm the integrity of the test system and also to compare the efficacy of the test drug as, it has been used in the treatment of chronic or acute liver disease, as well as protecting the liver against toxicity.8] The hepatoprotective properties of Silymarin have been related to the inhibition of lipid peroxides formation or scavenging of free radicals.[9] Histological study was conducted to observe the structural status of cell matrix liver. Materials and Methods The study was conducted in the Department of Ilmul Advia, Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College, AMU in collaboration with the Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, after obtaining permission from Institutional Ethics Committee. Test drug procurement and identification: All the ingredients of UPF were procured from Dawakhana, Tibbiya College, AMU, Aligarh and were identified by comparison for its macroscopic and microscopic characters with authentic specimens of above mentioned at Department of Ilmul Advia, Ajmal Khan Tibya College, A.M.U. Aligarh, U.P. India.(Voucher specimen No. are given below). Botanical NameVoucher specimen No. Rheum emodi Wall Sc-0098/09 Rubia cordifolia Linn Sc-0097/09 Creteria lacca Sc-0096/09 Apium graveolens Linn Sc-0095/09 Feoniculum vulgare Mill Sc-0094/09 Agrimonia eupatoria Linn Sc-0093/09 Preparation of extract: All the ingredients (Table 1) were coarsely powdered before subjection to extraction. The hydro-alcoholic extract of all the ingredients was prepared using by Soxhlet apparatus, in which they were continuously extracted for 6 hours. The extract was filtered by Whatman No. 1 filter paper and evaporated on water bath at 40 600C until it dried completely. The prepared extract was stored in the refrigerator for further use. The dose of the test compound formulation for albino rats were calculated by multiplying its clinical doses described in Unani literature with conversion factor 7.[10] Drugs and Chemicals CCl4, n-butanol, acetic acid (Thomas Baker Pvt. Limtd. Mumbai), sodium dodecyle sulphate, thiobarbituric acid (Otto Kemi Mumbai), 1, 1, 3, 3-tetraethoxypropane (Sigma USA), Silymarin (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), Folin’s reagent (CDH, Mumbai), AST, ALT, Billirubin, Alk.Phos. and Total Protein estimation kits (Span Diagnostic Ltd, Surat). Animals Thirty Wistar albino rats of either sex, weighing 150-200 g were divided into five groups of 6 animals each. The animals were kept under standard laboratory conditions. Commercial diet pellets and water were given ad libitum. The room temperature was maintained at 25  ± 10 C. Treatments Group I (Plain Control): Distilled water orally in the dose of 1ml /kg, daily for 8 days. Group II (Negative Control): Distilled water orally in the dose of 1ml /kg, daily for 7 days. Group III (Standard): Silymarin in dose of 100 mg / kg daily for 7 days. Group IV V (Test Groups): Extract of Qurs-e-Rewand in the dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg respectively suspended in distilled water daily for 7 days. On the 7th day the animals of all groups except those in group I were administered carbon tetrachloride i.p. along with their routine treatment and 24 hours later (on 8th day) all the animals including in group I were sacrificed.[11] Collection of Samples The blood was collected and was kept for 30 minutes without disturbing. The serum was separated by centrifugation for 15-20 minutes at 5000 rpm. The sera of each animal of all groups were estimated for, ALT AST [12], bilirubin[13], alkaline phosphatase[14], total protein[15] and TBARS[16], which are index of lipid peroxides.[17] Histological Examination The liver of rats of all groups was removed immediately and fixed in 10% formalin.[18] The tissue was processed and sections were cut. The slides were prepared and stained with haematoxyline and eosin stain and the histological changes were observed by photomicroscope under high power magnification. Statistical analysis The results are presented as means  ± S.E.M. The data were statistically compared for determining significance of difference by one-way ANOVA test, followed by pair-wise comparison of various groups by LSD. The analysis was carried out by using the software of the website, www. analyseit.com. P Results Biochemical Parameters A highly significant increase in levels of serum ALT, AST, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase was observed in CCl4 treated rats while total protein was found significantly decreased as compared to control group. There was significant reduction in all biochemical parameters and significant increase in total protein after oral administration of test drug at two different doses (P4 treated group (P Histological Examination Group I: There were central blood vessels and radiating cords of hepatocytes as well as the vascular sinusoids with no evidence of fatty changes, necrosis or inflammation. (Fig.1) Group II: There was centri-lobular (acidophilic) necrosis and vascular congestion. (Fig.2) Group III: There was mild vascular congestion and peri-vascular infiltrate of mono nuclear cells and fibroblast. No fatty degeneration was observed. (Fig.3) Group IV (50 mg/kg): There was vascular congestion and peri-lobular hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes (In high magnification only vascular congestion). (Fig.4) Group V (100mg/kg): The slides showed well preserved hepatic architecture. There was no fatty degeneration, only mild vascular congestion and peri-vascular infiltrate of mono nuclear cells and fibroblast and regenerating hepatocytes were observed. The hepatic architecture was found similar to that observed in group III. (Fig.5) Discussion The findings of the present study demonstrated that the test drug (Unani formulation) lowered the biochemical markers of liver function as well as the lipid peroxide towards normal. The histological findings also indicated protective response by bringing the derangement of liver cell matrix to very near to normalcy. Thus the remarkable reduction in CCl4 intoxicated biochemical markers by test drug extract, supplemented by commensurate histopathological findings of rat liver sections indicated hepatoprotective effect of this herbal formulation. The likely mechanism of hepatoprotective response appears to be the anti-oxidant property. Carbonterachloride has been widely used for inducing hepatic damage due to free radical formation during its metabolism by hepatic microsomes.[19] The clinical features of carbontetrachloride induced hepatic damage resemble that of acute viral hepatitis.[20] The mechanism of producing hepatic damage by CCl4 depends on reductive dehalogenation of CCl4 catalyzed by cytochrome P450 in the liver cell endoplasmic reticulum leading to the generation of unstable complex of CCl4 radical. This trichloromethyl radical reacts rapidly with O2 to yield trichloromethyl peroxy radical which is reported as a highly reactive species. Qurs-e-Rewand appers to exert its hepatoprotective effect by inhibiting lipid peroxidation mediated by CCl4, due to its antioxidant activity as it decreased the lipid peroxide significantly in TBARS test. The test drug further appears to exert hepatoprotective effect due to its effect against cellular leakage and loss of functional integrity of the cell membrane in hepat ocytes i.e. they possess membrane stabilizing property, indicated by significant decrease in AST, ALT, Alk. phosphatase and lipid peroxidation. The biochemical as well as histological observations demonstrated dose dependent protective action of the extract against the liver damage. The extract in dose of 100mg/kg caused greater response. The biochemical markers were found significantly lower and retention of hepatic architecture, reduction in fatty degeneration and necrosis were more marked in this group than the group treated with 50mg/kg. The overall hepatoprotective effect produced by the 100mg/kg was sientifically equal to standard drug Silymarin. Further, quite interestingly the animals treated with Qurs-e-Rewand showed regeneration of hepatocytes, which provide an indication of high clinical and therapeutic value. The protective effect demonstrated with regard to liver function (Biochemical markers), lipid peroxidation and structure (Histological study) provides conclusive proof that the test drug possesses hepatoprotective activity. The present study provides scientific support and validation to the Unani claim regarding the hepatoprotective activity of the test drug. The study also provides the interesting information that Qurs-e-Rewand promotes hepatocellular regeneration, so it may be useful in diseases where liver damage is extensive such as chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Conclusion: it can be concluded that both the doses of test drug (Qurs Rewand) possess significant hepatoprotective activity against acute hepatic damage induced by CCl4. Further, the mechanisms and activities of compound drug require more study to understand the hepatoprotective mechanism. REFERENCES Table 1: Ingredients of Qurs-e- Rewand Botanical Name (Family) English Name Quantity (in gm) Rheum emodi Wall (Polygonaceae) Rhubarb 17.5 gm Rubia cordifolia Linn (Rubiaceae) Indian Madder 10.5 gm Creteria lacca (Coccoidea) Lac 10.5 gm Apium graveolens Linn (Apiaceae) Celery 3.5 gm Feoniculum vulgare Mill (Umbelliferae) Fennel 3.5 gm Agrimonia eupatoria Linn (Rosaceae) Agrimony 3.5 gm Table 2: Effect of test drug (Q.R) and Silymarin on biochemical parameters of liver function in CCl4 induced toxicity. Values are Mean à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± SE; n = 6; x = against plain control, y = against CCl4 (2 ml/kg), z = against standard (Silymarin) (100 mg/kg); a = against Q.R. single dose (50 mg/kg), b = against Q.R. double dose (100 mg/kg); 1 = P Group I Fig. 1: Section of rat liver showing central blood vessels and radiating cords of hepatocytes as well as the vascular sinusoids (H E stain High power) Group II Fig. 2: Section of liver showing centrilobular (Acidophilic) necrosis, and vascular congestion and marked congestion of portal vessels (H E stain, High power) Group III Fig. 3: Section of liver showing mild vascular congestion and peri-vascular Infiltrate of mono nuclear cells and fibroblast (H E stain, High power) Group IV Fig. 4: Section of liver showing vascular congestion (H E stain, High power) Group V Fig. 5: Section of liver showing mild vascular congestion and peri-vascular infiltrate of mono nuclear cells and fibroblast and regenerating hepatocytes (H E stain, High power)

Essay --

I was almost there, just one more turn and a road before I arrived home. When the road was built the turn cut a deep ‘V’ in the hillside, leaving behind prominent walls of dirt on either side of the road. It was a right-angle left turn leading up a steep incline. Being on a road less traveled, as well as being at the bottom of a hill, this particular turn had a lot of accumulated sand left over from the winter. I had forgotten about the sand, since all the main roads had long been washed clean, and went into the turn too fast. As soon as I hit the dirty portion of the road, my front wheels lost grip and caused the car to under-steer straight forward. I was able to catch it a little but knew impact was inevitable. I watched the hillside jump up in front of me and the right corner of my Jeep Cherokee plow into it, as a mountain of new obstacles rose up in my mind. I thought it would be too hard for me to fix it myself and too expensive to have done at a shop. I w as worried about what my parents would say if they saw it. But by the time it was fixed, I had learned a lot about car repair and my own capabilities. Before I crashed I didn’t think I could perform any major car repairs myself, but I learned that it’s not only feasible but quite rewarding as well. I drove the rest of the way home in a calm panic, trying to think straight and form a plan. I pulled my car into the garage nose first, at such an angle that the damage couldn’t be seen from the house if anyone happened to look out and wonder what I was doing. I had an excuse of TLC ready in case someone decided to investigate further than the front window. This was when I did an in-depth inspection of the damage, and it looked bad, really bad. The steel bumper wa... ...f. I fixed up my car on a budget, kept my parents from blowing a head gasket, and picked up multitudes of knowledge along the way. During the course of the project I absorbed copious amounts of information that I will be able to use the rest of my life. I learned many skills and techniques regarding vehicle repair that I can apply to any situation that may arise in the future. Since then, I don’t even know how much money I’ve saved myself, family, and friends by diagnosing and repairing problems in house instead of getting ripped off by mechanics. Before I crashed my car I was limited to doing very basic maintenance only, but after, I felt like I could take on any project. It really sparked my interest in working on my own car. The whole experience was very rewarding and taught me a lot about not only cars but what I was capable of when I put my mind to it.

‘Jasper Jones’ by Craig Silvey Essay

‘In this coming of age story, Charlie must question his conventional notions of what is right and wrong as he navigates small town morality, racism and hypocrisy.’ In the novel ‘Jasper Jones’ written by Craig Silvey, the main character Charlie Bucktin experiences many life changing events that occur throughout the novel, which makes Charlie dramatically change his outlook on life. During the novel Charlie slowly uncovers that life in Corrigan is made up of rumours and lies. Charlie learns a great deal about himself, others, Corrigan and important decisions that teaches him some of life’s great lessons. The protagonist of the novel Charlie Bucktin is an innocent little boy until he encounters the ‘fearful’ character Jasper Jones when he appears at Charlie’s bedroom window one night by surprise. Charlie changes his thoughts from right to wrong completely. The town’s thoughts of Jasper are unbearable and should stay away from him. The major event that brings the two boys together is the brutal death of Laura Wishart. Jasper taking Charlie to where Laura Wishart’s body is, which then Charlie has to face make a decision whether he can keep it a secret it or not. ‘No, it’s too late. Like Jasper Jones, I have seen what I Have seen. I am involved.’ Charlie makes the choice to keep it a secret from the people of Corrigan. Charlie now starts telling lies to people to protect the ones that he loves. ‘How strange and unsettled I am. Like a snow dome paperweight that’s been shaken†¦Everything in my world that was steady and sure and sturdy has been shaken out of place, and it’s now drifting and swirling back down in a confetti of a debris’ Charlie compares himself to a nobody before he meets Jasper Jones, but after Charlie has officially meets Jasper he feels as though he has purpose in life. In the small town of Corrigan it is filled with rumours and lies. A huge amount of secrecy and mistrust is conducted by everyone in Corrigan. The lack of tolerance and understanding of each other in Corrigan creates rumours that are untrue, but people still believe them because they have nothing else to believe. A character named ‘Mad Jack Lionel’ is an example of which where the people of Corrigan misjudged him ‘but as the myth grows in girth, so too does our fear of speculation and intrigue for the kids of Corrigan’ thinking that Jack Lionel murdered a women. Realistically he was in a car accident which where the women was  killed. Charlie and Jasper share thoughts on their views of the world, and are clearly outsiders in the community. The thoughts of Jasper Jones in the community of Corrigan ‘a thief, a liar, a thug’ had no impact on Charlie, he ignores all the propaganda targeting Jasper and pursues an unbreakable bond between the two of them. As Charlie uncovers the town of Corrigan, he realises how racist and hypocritical Corrigan actually is. Not only is the town racist to Jasper, but also to Charlie’s best friend Jeffery Lu. Charlie learns through different situations throughout the novel. ‘Jeffery’s parents are Vietnamese, so he’s ruthlessly bullied and belted around by the boys at school†¦But he takes it all astonishingly well, which has always eased my guilt given that I’m answer brave enough to intervene. Jeffery is unflappable’ as Jeffery is bullied so much at school he has never looked back at the bullies; he always has a smile on his face. Jasper is also a target for racism in the town of Corrigan. Being somewhat rebellious half-cast young boy, and not socially accepted because he is indigenous. He is the only indigenous member of the community even though the rest of the community treat him as an outsider. Charlie comes to the conclusion to trust Jasper and not to believe what other people. His learns to not to judge something until you fully understand the situation. The duration of the novel Charlie started off as an innocent little boy, facing many events which made ‘grow up’ and not just think about the importance of himself but by the others around him also. This new found lesson will benefit Charlie later in life as he will make better decisions and back himself, and trust other people which will lead to greater trust and respect between them.

Essay about Unique Design of the Vietnam War Memorial

Unique Design of the Vietnam War Memorial At the age of twenty one, a female undergraduate at Yale University named Maya Lin submitted her design for the Vietnam Memorial. Her idea for the memorial was extremely unique and controversial. After long discussions by a panel, it was chosen for construction. The design that she submitted was one that was very different in comparison to other memorials, and it was one that has a tendency to leave a lot of questions on the minds of the visitors. On the face of the memorial there is a list of all those who died or are missing in the order by which they were lost. It could seem to some one who did not understand the incident that the monument honors only those lost, but that is†¦show more content†¦In comparison with other monuments, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is vastly different. A point of comparison could be the Marine Corps War Memorial, otherwise known as the Iwo Jima monument. This monument is a sculpture of three soldiers risking their lives to keep the American flag flying. The structure has a deep sense of understood patriotism and there is a great deal of honor that is also associated with it. Unlike the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, the Iwo Jima monument is a tribute only to the Marines who served in World War Two. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial has no such message of honor and courage, but rather an atmosphere that causes visitors to reflect on the conflict (Colliers 138-139). The only monument that is similar the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is the memorial to Ulysses S. Grant. It is located at the foot of the capital and has no clear cut meaning. There is no political message that can be taken away from Grant ¹s memorial. It neither glorifies war nor possesses an antiwar message, and there is no moral lesson that can be taken away from this monument (Colliers 138). One of the great things about the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is that it allows the public to form its own opinion of the conflict with out forcing a political message. It is because of this ambiguity that the monument is so unique. Unlike other monuments, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial can not be seen from a distance. One must commit to see it,Show MoreRelatedMaya Lin Vietnam Veterans Memorial Analysis1276 Words   |  6 Pages1. The artist of the memorial, Maya Lin, is an American of Asian descent who is famous for her sculptures and land art. Her most famous work, the Vietnam Memorial, was chosen in a contest, and her designs both mesmerized and angered many people. Since them, works and designs she has created for competitions have been mainly memorials and remembrances based on historical events. 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